@Article{ArcoverdeMPBGBAPO:2023:PrCoIn,
               author = "Arcoverde, Gustavo Felipe Balu{\'e} and Menezes, Julia Alves and 
                         Paz, Mariana Gutierres Arteiro da and Barros, Jocilene Dantas and 
                         Guidolini, Jana{\'{\i}}na Ferreira and Branco, Evandro Albiach 
                         and Andrade Neto, Pedro Ribeiro de and Pulice, S{\'e}rgio 
                         Mantovani Paiva and Ometto, Jean Pierre Henry Balbaud",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Tecnol{\'o}gico de 
                         Aeron{\'a}utica (ITA)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Sustainability assessment of Cerrado and Caatinga biomes in 
                         Brazil: a proposal for collaborative index construction in the 
                         context of the 2030 Agenda and the Water-Energy-Food Nexus",
              journal = "Frontiers in Physics",
                 year = "2023",
               volume = "10",
                pages = "e1060182",
                month = "Jan.",
             keywords = "biomes, complexity, composite indicators, governance, 
                         socio-ecological system, sustainable development.",
             abstract = "The 2030 Agenda framework represents an opportunity for the 
                         co-development of local indicators and shares the same principles 
                         of cross-sectoral integration and universality as the 
                         waterenergyfood nexus. This research aimed to develop a 
                         quantitative-collaborative methodology for constructing indicators 
                         and indexes for the sustainability of the Cerrado and Caatinga 
                         Brazilian biomes, considering the connection and synergies between 
                         the Nexus perspective and the 2030 Agendas SDGtarget framework. 
                         The study was applied in 2,512 municipalities that make up the 
                         total of the mentioned biomes. The methodology consists of four 
                         major blocks: i) identification and construction of indicators 
                         based on the association of them with one or more 2030 Agendas 
                         targets, in a collaborative way from expert groups; ii) generation 
                         of weights by an indicator considering leverage, according to the 
                         number of target assignments, and importance, attributed by 
                         experts for each indicator to the target; iii) generation of 
                         sustainable development goal indexes, considering the performance 
                         of the SDGs; Nexus performance, considering different weights 
                         between the SDGs; Nexus synergistic, the standard deviation 
                         between the SDGs; and Nexus overall, a combination of the last 
                         two; and iv) sensitivity analysis for performance indexes 
                         considering the assignment of zero values to the governance 
                         indicators. In general, the regions of MATOPIBA, northern and 
                         western of Cerrado and the Caatinga, are, on average, the areas of 
                         greatest vulnerability. The targets that respond to this 
                         inequality are related to eradicating hunger, sustainable and 
                         climate-resilient production systems, universal access to water, 
                         water quality, efficiency of multiple water uses, access to 
                         energy, and the participation of renewable energies. We found that 
                         in areas of better average nexus performance, there is also 
                         greater inequality between nexus dimensions; therefore, the Nexus 
                         overall index is penalized. The federal units and areas with the 
                         worst Nexus dimension performances and with insufficient 
                         governance measures are north and northwest of Bahia and 
                         municipalities bordering the State of Tocantinsfood; Maranh{\~a}o 
                         and Piau{\'{\i}}, northeast of Mato Grosso, northwest of 
                         Goi{\'a}s, Rio Grande do Norte and Para{\'{\i}}bawater; and 
                         Maranh{\~a}o, extreme southeast of Par{\'a}, and more sparsely 
                         in Para{\'{\i}}baenergy.",
                  doi = "10.3389/fphy.2022.1060182",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2022.1060182",
                 issn = "2296-424X",
                label = "self-archiving-INPE-MCTIC-GOV-BR",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "fphy-10-1060182.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "11 maio 2024"
}